/* 仅针对 IE10/IE11 的布局与特性修复 */
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }

  /* 让 IE 正常解析 flex 前缀 */
  .topbar,
  .hall-topbar,
  .hall-topbar-actions,
  .nav-links,
  .locale,
  .auth-links,
  .brand,
  .auth-brand,
  .home-hero,
  .home-hero-actions,
  .home-section-actions,
  .member-actions,
  .profile-actions,
  .article-meta,
  .hall-card-meta,
  .hall-card-footer,
  .member-center-header,
  .member-center-status,
  .my-articles-header,
  .my-articles-header-actions,
  .my-article-actions,
  .audit-actions,
  .rich-toolbar,
  .recharge-record-row,
  .recharge-record-head,
  .recharge-record-foot,
  .agreement-box,
  .footer-columns,
  .copyright,
  .home-rejection-banner,
  .flex {
    display: -ms-flexbox;
    display: flex;
  }

  /* 顶部导航 */
  .topbar {
    -ms-flex-pack: justify;
    justify-content: space-between;
    padding: 26px 32px;
  }
  .topbar.scrolled { padding-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 16px; }
  .nav-links { -ms-flex: 1 1 auto; flex: 1 1 auto; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; }
  .nav-links > * + * { margin-left: 32px; }
  .auth-links > * + * { margin-left: 12px; }

  /* 网格布局统一转为 flex */
  .hero-stat-grid,
  .hall-summary,
  .member-metrics,
  .card-grid,
  .recommended-grid,
  .hall-grid,
  .member-center-grid,
  .member-band,
  .innovation-band,
  .certification-upload-grid,
  .recharge-layout,
  .top-modal-summary,
  .auth-form,
  .article-form,
  .auth-page,
  .my-articles-shell,
  .audit-shell,
  .my-articles-list,
  .audit-list,
  .hall-sections,
  .member-center-shell,
  .news-list,
  .article-card-body,
  .my-article-card,
  .audit-card,
  .audit-card-user,
  .profile-actions,
  .article-actions,
  .payment-qr-wrapper,
  .payment-qr-image,
  .cover-upload,
  .recharge-records,
  .recharge-records-list,
  .agreement-modal-body {
    display: -ms-flexbox;
    display: flex;
    -ms-flex-direction: column;
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .auth-page { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; }

  /* 三列卡片 */
  .hero-stat-grid,
  .card-grid,
  .recommended-grid,
  .hall-grid,
  .member-metrics {
    -ms-flex-direction: row;
    flex-direction: row;
    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .hero-stat-grid article,
  .card-grid .info-card,
  .recommended-grid .article-card,
  .hall-grid .hall-card,
  .member-metrics > div {
    width: 31.5%;
    margin: 0 1% 18px 0;
  }
  .hero-stat-grid article:nth-child(3n),
  .card-grid .info-card:nth-child(3n),
  .recommended-grid .article-card:nth-child(3n),
  .hall-grid .hall-card:nth-child(3n),
  .member-metrics > div:nth-child(3n) { margin-right: 0; }

  /* 两列布局 */
  .hall-summary,
  .member-band,
  .innovation-band,
  .certification-upload-grid,
  .recharge-layout,
  .top-modal-summary,
  .profile-actions,
  .article-actions,
  .member-center-grid {
    -ms-flex-direction: row;
    flex-direction: row;
    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .hall-summary article,
  .member-band > div,
  .member-band > ul,
  .innovation-band > *,
  .certification-upload-grid > .auth-field,
  .recharge-layout > *,
  .top-modal-summary > *,
  .profile-actions > *,
  .article-actions > *,
  .member-center-grid > .member-card {
    width: 48%;
    margin: 0 2% 16px 0;
  }
  .hall-summary article:nth-child(2n),
  .member-band > ul,
  .innovation-band > *:nth-child(2n),
  .certification-upload-grid > .auth-field:nth-child(2n),
  .recharge-layout > *:nth-child(2n),
  .top-modal-summary > *:nth-child(2n),
  .profile-actions > *:nth-child(2n),
  .article-actions > *:nth-child(2n),
  .member-center-grid > .member-card:nth-child(2n) { margin-right: 0; }

  .member-center-grid > .member-card-wide { width: 100%; margin-right: 0; }
  .member-center-grid-single > .member-card { width: 100%; margin-right: 0; }

  /* 认证审核列表两列 */
  .audit-list--two-col {
    -ms-flex-direction: row;
    flex-direction: row;
    -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .audit-list--two-col .audit-card {
    width: 48%;
    margin: 0 2% 18px 0;
  }
  .audit-list--two-col .audit-card:nth-child(2n) { margin-right: 0; }

  /* 列表卡片布局 */
  .my-article-card,
  .audit-card {
    -ms-flex-direction: row;
    flex-direction: row;
    -ms-flex-align: start;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }
  .my-article-card > img,
  .my-article-card > .my-article-card-img,
  .audit-card > img,
  .audit-card > .audit-card-img {
    -ms-flex: 0 0 180px;
    flex: 0 0 180px;
    margin-right: 22px;
  }
  .my-article-card .my-article-content,
  .audit-card .audit-content { -ms-flex: 1 1 auto; flex: 1 1 auto; }
  .my-article-card .my-article-actions,
  .audit-card .audit-actions { -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; margin-left: 18px; }

  /* 认证审核卡片：信息两列 + 按钮移到底部 */
  .cert-audit-card {
    -ms-flex-direction: column;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
  .cert-audit-card .audit-content {
    -ms-flex: 1 1 auto;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .cert-audit-card .audit-actions {
    -ms-flex: 0 0 auto;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-top: 16px;
    -ms-flex-pack: end;
    justify-content: flex-end;
  }
  .cert-info-list {
    display: block;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .cert-info-item {
    float: left;
    width: 48%;
    margin: 0 4% 12px 0;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #f7f9fc;
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }
  .cert-info-item:nth-child(2n) { margin-right: 0; }
  .cert-info-label { margin-bottom: 4px; }
  .cert-info-value { text-align: left; }

  /* 表单横向按钮 */
  .profile-actions,
  .article-actions { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; }
  .profile-actions > *,
  .article-actions > * { width: auto; margin: 0 12px 0 0; }
  .article-actions .btn-block { width: 100%; }

  /* 弹窗 */
  .modal-mask { display: none; }
  .modal-mask.open { display: block; }

  /* 修正不支持的尺寸函数 */
  .auth-brand { left: 32px; }
  .auth-panel { width: 460px; }
  .register-panel { width: 520px; }
  .profile-panel { width: 560px; }
  .article-publish-panel { width: 860px; }
  .my-articles-shell,
  .audit-shell { width: 1120px; }
  .member-center-shell { width: 1180px; }
  .account-info-card { width: 760px; }
  .home-hero { padding: 138px 44px 70px; }
  .home-hero-content h1 { font-size: 64px; }
  .hall-page { padding: 28px 40px 60px; }
  .hall-hero { padding: 42px 34px; }
  .member-band { padding: 46px 44px 72px; }
  .article-detail-page { padding: 96px 60px 72px; }
  .article-detail-inner { padding: 44px; }
  .article-detail h1 { font-size: 48px; }
  .section-heading { margin-bottom: 42px; }

  /* 固定图片高度 */
  .article-cover,
  .cover { min-height: 150px; }
  .article-cover img,
  .cover img { width: 100%; height: 150px; }
  .article-detail-cover { height: 240px; }
  .my-article-card > img,
  .audit-card > img { width: 180px; height: 112px; }

  /* 兼容 inset */
  .home-hero-overlay,
  .hero-slide::after,
  .hero-slide { top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; }

  /* 移除 IE 无法呈现的过渡特性 */
  .topbar.scrolled { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.97); }
  .hero-stat-grid article { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18); }
  .home-rejection-banner { background: rgba(255, 245, 245, 0.99); }

  /* 下拉菜单修正 */
  .dropdown-menu { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 40px; }
}